In May 2018, the Australian Government commissioned an independent review of the APS to ensure it is fit-for-purpose to serve all Australians for the coming decades. The terms of reference sought a review of the capability, culture and operating model of the APS and practical recommendations to ensure the APS best serves the Australian Government and people: providing security, driving productivity, and improving the experience of government for citizens. The review was also asked to consider the suitability of the APS’s architecture and governing legislation and its effective delivery of outcomes for Australians.